鎌倉時代の物語や
ドラマを語る上で、
必ず登場してくる
人物としては、
北条政子だと思います。
名前から言って、女性？
どんな人？
あなたの疑問に
お答えします。
北条政子 どんな人 男？女？波乱万丈の生涯
北条政子は、
平安時代末期～
鎌倉時代初期に生きた
女性で、
鎌倉幕府を開いた
源頼朝の正室です。
「北条政子」の名前は、
学校の教科書にも
書かれていましたが、
これはどうやら本名では
ないようです。
「北条」は親の名字ですが、
「政子」は建保6（1218）年に
朝廷から位を賜った際、
父・時政の名から
一字取って付けたもので、
それ以前にどう名乗っていたのか、
どう呼ばれていたのかは不明。
女性の名前は基本的に
記録に残らないことも
大きく関係していそうです。
北条政子 どんな人 男？女？やがて恋仲に・・・
政子は保元2（1157）年、
伊豆（現在の静岡県）の豪族、
北条時政（ほうじょうときまさ）の
長女として生まれました。
平治元（1160）年の
平治の乱で敗北し、
伊豆に流されてきていた
13歳の源頼朝と出会ったのは
3、4歳の頃です。
政子にとって頼朝は
10歳年上の「お兄さん」
だったのでしょう。
次第に政子と頼朝は
惹かれ合い、恋仲になります。
父・時政の大反対を
押し切って政子は21歳で
頼朝と結婚しました。
北条政子 どんな人 男？女？敗軍の身内
まもなく長女・大姫（おおひめ）が
生まれましたが、
治承4（1180）年の
石橋山の戦いで
頼朝が敗れると、
伊豆山の保護を受けて
隠れ過ごす日々を
余儀なくされます。
頼朝が鎌倉に居を
構えて多くの武士から
支持を受けるようになると、
ようやく政子も頼朝と
合流することができ、
鎌倉で暮らしはじめました。
政子は単に頼朝の正室である
ということだけでなく、
この頃から東国の武士団を
結び付ける存在として
重要な役割を担っていたようです。
北条政子 どんな人 男？女？嫉妬心が強い
政子は、「悪女」と
呼ばれるようになります。
理由の1つに挙げられるのが、
この過去の破壊エピソード
なんです。
第2子の懐妊中に
頼朝が通っていた
女性・亀の前（かめのまえ）の
存在を知ることになります。
その後、その家を壊させて
しまいます。
ただ、これは政子にしてみれば
感情論だけではない
一大事だったから、
のようですが、
やり方の派手さから、
悪女の名前がついてしまった
ようです。
北条政子 どんな人 男？女？静御前の命を救う
頼朝と言えば、
弟の義経との不仲が
思い浮かぶのでは
ないでしょうか。
義経が寵愛していた
静御前（しずかごぜん）が
鎌倉に捕えられてきたとき、
頼朝は鶴岡八幡宮で
静御前に舞を奉納させました。
義経を慕う歌を歌い
舞った静御前に、
頼朝は激怒しましたが、
それをたしなめて
静御前の命を救ったのは、
政子でした。
自分も同じような
経験をしてきた、
女性として当然の行為だ、
と取りなした政子に、
頼朝も怒りを収めて
静御前に褒美を与えました。
北条政子 どんな人 男？女？尼将軍に
正治元（1199）年に
頼朝が死去すると、
政子の子の頼家（よりいえ）・
実朝（さねとも）が
将軍になりますが、
相次いで暗殺されて
しまいます。
また、争いごとの調停を
担うなど、政子の幕府内での
重要性はどんどん増していきました。
実朝が暗殺された後、
政子は将軍の補佐・代行として
幕府の実権を完全に手中にして
尼将軍と呼ばれ、
鎌倉幕府の安泰に
全身全霊を注ぎました。
承久3（1221）年の
承久の乱の際には、
亡き頼朝の恩を
御家人たちに説き、
士気を高めたと
言われます。
嘉禄元年7月11日（1225年8月16日）、
政子は波乱に満ちた生涯を閉じます。
70歳近くまで生きた、
当時としては長い人生でした。
北条政子 どんな人 男？女？女性のカガミ？
幕府の公式な記録とされる
『吾妻鏡（あずまかがみ）』や
慈円による『愚管抄（ぐかんしょう）』、
『承久記（じょうきゅうき）』、
室町時代の各書物での
政子の評価はいずれも
高いものとなっています。
しかし、江戸時代に儒教の
強い影響を受けてから、
次第に政子の評価が
下がっていったようです。
『愚管抄』では
「日本の政治は政子のような
女性により完成するのだ」
とまで言われた北条政子。
案外、鬼嫁様が旦那さんの
成功のカギを握っているのかも！？
おしまい、おしまい。
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