ペットボトルが環境に与える影響とは？海に住む生き物たちへの影響ばかりではない！を紹介して行きます。
海洋プラスチックごみは今、世界で注目され問題視されており、海を汚染するだけでなく、そこに住む生き物にも影響を与えています。
海洋の現状がこのまま続けば、持続的に海洋資源を得ることができなくなるとも言われているのです。
ですけど現実問題は私達の周りはプラスチック製品で溢れてますよね・・・どうしたものか少し考えて見たいと思います・・・
海洋プラスチックによるごみ問題とは？
軽量で加工がしやすく丈夫であることから、プラスチックはレジ袋やペットボトルの他にも、プラスチック製のストローやスプーン、おもちゃや釣り糸などといったあらゆるものに利用されています。
海に流出するプラスチックごみの量は世界中で年間800万トンという試算や2050年には海洋プラスチックごみの重量がが魚の重量を超えることが予測されています。
また、日本は島国のため多くのごみが海岸に流れ着きます。それらのプラスチックの排出源は主に東アジアや東南アジア地域であるという推計も出ていますが、地域よっては日本製のプラスチックごみが多い場所もあるんですね。
マイクロプラスチックとは？
プラスチックごみは大きな形状のまま漂流するもののほか、細かい粒子として海洋に流れ込むマイクロプラスチックというものもあります。
例えば歯磨き粉や洗顔剤にスクラブ入りと表記されているものがありますが、これが細かくなったプラスチックです。
マイクロプラスチックのもとになる5大プラスチック
マイクロプラスチックのもとになるのは「4大プラスチック（汎用樹脂）」と呼ばれる原料です。
プラスチック自体は100種類以上ありますが、その中でも以下のプラスチックは多くの製品に使われています。
| プラスチックの種類 | 使用されている製品 | |
| ポリスチレン(PS) | ハンガー、食品用トレ、プリンター | |
| ポリエチレン(PE) | 高密度ポリエチレン(HDPE) | バケツ、洗剤ボトル、灯油タンク |
| 低密度ポリエチレン(LDPE) | レジ袋、ラップ、紙パック飲料などの内外面 | |
| ポリエチレンテレフレタート(PET) | ペットボトル・卵パックなどの透明な容器・包装フィルム・衣類の繊維 | |
| ポリプロピレン(PP) | ストロー・ペットボトルキャップ・文具・医療器具 |
これらの製品って私達が普段何気なく使っているものですよね？
プラスチックごみが海に与えている影響は？
プラスチックごみは海洋の汚染だけでなく、海に生きる生物や産業、私たちの体にまで影響を与えます。
海洋プラスチックごみが増えることで、プラスチックに付着する有害物質やプラスチックそのものの有害性により、海はどんどん汚れていきます。
海の生命体に与える影響
マイクロプラスチックのような微量な粒子は、海洋生物の体内に取り込まれることで、体内に蓄積される可能性があります。
また海洋生物がプラスチック製品を餌と間違えて取り込んでしまい、それが体内で消化されないため内部を傷つける、あるいは腸閉塞を起こして死んでしまうといった事例もあります。
生物が消化できないプラスチックごみは、海洋生物に悪い影響を及ぼしているのです。
私たち人体への影響
先述したとおり、海洋生物が体内に取り込んだマイクロプラスチックは細かな粒子であり、分解されないため体内に蓄積されている可能性があります。マイクロプラスチックを飲み込んだ海洋生物が市場に出回れば、それらを口にする私たちの体内にもマイクロプラスチックが入り込む可能性があるのです。
プラスチックは様々な化学汚染物質を付着する性質もあり、体内で消化できないことから魚の体内に影響が出るのは明らかです。さらにそれを口にする場合、人体にも影響を及ぼす可能性があります。
海洋プラスチックごみを減らすために私たちができること
日本政府を中心として上記のような取り組みが行われていますが、プラスチックごみを削減するには私たち消費者が積極的に取り組むことも必要です。
ですが、実際問題なにができますかね？
プラスチックごみを減らすための行動をする
具体的な対策の一例を以下に挙げてみますね。レジ袋をもらわなくていいようにマイバックを持参する小分けにするポリ袋の使用を控えるタンブラーなどマイボトルを持参し、プラスチック容器の使用を減らすプラスチック製のスプーンやフォークをもらわず、マイ箸やマイスプーンなどを常備するプラスチック製ストローの使用を控える繰り返し使える詰め替え用ボトルなどを購入するラップの使用を減らすためにも、タッパーやふた付きの容器などに食品を保存する。
ではさらに具体的には？
さらに具体的にプラスチック製品の使用を減らすためには、プラスチック製品を使用しなければ言い訳です。おすすめ商品を紹介します。
結局は消費に繋がってしまいますので、これでいいんですかね・・・
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